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Title: Karachi's Violence: Daulity and Negotiation

Author: Hariz Gazdar

Introduction:
This paper offers a series of perspectives on political conflict in Karachi based on the analysis of historical data, projections and scenarios. There are many divergent views about the root causes of violence in Karachi as well as possible ways of ending or reducing the violence. This paper attempts to weave a number of pertinent issues – political party rivalry, ethnicity, and duality – into a single narrative about dangers and possibilities in Karachi. It makes extensive use of publicly available secondary data on violence, voting patterns, ethnic demography, development outcomes, and economic opportunity.1None of the data analysis provided here is entirely new to seasoned observers of Pakistan, Sindh and its capital Karachi. ......

Title: Challenges and Opportunities in the Post TRIPS Era for Pakistan -- An Overview of Amended Patents Ordinance 2002

Author: Asim Gulzar

Introduction:
This paper offers a series of perspectives on political conflict in Karachi based on the analysis of historical data, projections and scenarios. There are many divergent views about the root causes of violence in Karachi as well as possible ways of ending or reducing the violence. This paper attempts to weave a number of pertinent issues – political party rivalry, ethnicity, and duality – into a single narrative about dangers and possibilities in Karachi. It makes extensive use of publicly available secondary data on violence, voting patterns, ethnic demography, development outcomes, and economic opportunity.1None of the data analysis provided here is entirely new to seasoned observers of Pakistan, .....

Title: INTERNATIONAL INFLUENCES ON EDUCATION POLICY-MAKING
Author: MALICK SHAHBAZ AHMAD TAHIR

Introduction:
Due to the growing impact of globalization, and international forces like International Non-Governmental rganizations (INGO), the United Nations (UN) and the World Bank, nationstates’ policy-making capacity has been affected significantly. Considering the differentpolicy denominations and definitions, this paper highlights the role of international organizations in making policies at global and international level. It also discusses The      nationstates’ minimizing  capacities in policy-making and the pressures on the policy-making domains......

Title: REFORMS  IN HEALTH CARE: AN EQUITABLE AND COMPREHENSIVE SYSTEM

Author: Dr. SYED FURQAN ZAFAR

Introduction:
The fact, that Pakistan with an estimated population of 150 million has failed to fulfill the health needs of its citizens, is well supported by internationally established health indicators and poor economic status of the country.

In 1978 Pakistan endorsed ‘Health for All’ declaration adopted during the conference organized by World Health Organization (WHO) in Alma Ata, Kazakhstan (then USSR). Pakistan’s, present  government claims that it is working diligently to protect the constitutional .....

Title:The Role of Intellectuals in Development

Author: AJEEBA K. ASLAM

Introduction:
This paper briefly describes major theoretical perspectives on development to highlight how they view the role of the intellectuals. The paper dwells at length on how the classstruggle perspective views the role of the intellectuals in facilitating people to overcome the state of underdevelopment.

The major argument is that countering ideological hegemony is the overarching role of intellectuals . It argues that generally projected state of underdevelopment is merely a reflection of a deeper human condition - the condition of  ehumanisation. This condition of dehumanisation is generated, justified and permeated in society through ........